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Byar i IrakSjia-islamBusetnader grunnlagde på 700-talet


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Najaf (نجف)

al Najaf, an Najaf
by

Imam Ali Mosque by tasnimnews.com09.jpg

Imam Ali-moskeen i Najaf

Land

Flag of Iraq.svg Irak



Wikimedia Commons: Najaf



Kart over Irak med Najaf markert


Najaf (نجف) er ein by i Irak som er provinshovudstad i An Najaf. Najaf er ein av dei mest heilage stadene inna sjia-islam og senter for den politiske makta til sjiamuslimar i Irak. Byen ligg ved Eufrat, noko sør for Karbala og kring 130 km sør for Bagdad. I 2003 hadde han kring 563 000 innbyggjarar.[1]


Najaf voks fram som valfartsstad for sjiamuslimar.[1] I byen ligg Imam Ali-moskeen, der stiftaren av sjia-islam, Ali ibn Abi Talib (ca. 600–661), er gravlagd.[1] I nærleiken ligg òg Wadi-us-salaam, fredsdalen, ein veldig gravplass som skal vera den største i den muslimske verda. Her er fleire profetar er lagt til kvile, og truande ønskjer framleis å bli gravlagd her, slik at dei kan stiga opp med imam Ali på dommedag.



Historie |


Najaf skal ha blitt grunnlagd i 791 av abbasidekalifen Harun al-Rasjid. Etter kvart er han blitt fylt med skular, bibliotek og sufisenter slik at han blei den viktigaste byen for sjiittisk lærdom og teologi, på linje med Qom i Iran. Mange vidkjende teologar har studert her, til dømes Allameh Tabatabaei, Ayatollah Khomeini og Ayatollah Sistani.


Under det sunnidominerte styret til Saddam Hussein i Irak såg ein på byen med mistru, og det blei lagt band på dei religiøse aktivitetane til sjiamuslimar. Mot slutten av Gulfkrigen i 1991 braut det ut eit stort opprør som blei slege ned av det irakiske militæret.


Då amerikanske styrkar invaderte Irak i 2003 kringsette dei byen, men ønskt ikkje å gå inn i han, av frykt for å få sjiaane imot seg. Rundt ti dagar etter at Bagdad fall gav Najaf opp motstanden.



Kjelder |



  1. ↑ 1,01,11,2 «Al Najaf». Store norske leksikon. 14. februar 2009. Henta 5. juli 2018. 



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