Skip to main content

Opsin References | Navigation menu

PhysiologyBiochemistry


receptorsignallingphysiologicaltransductioncircadian rhythmspupillaryreflexwavelengthteleostreptilesbirdsmammalsOld World monkeysapeshumanstrichromacyevolution of colour visionMesozoicnocturnal












Opsin




From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia






Jump to navigation
Jump to search


Opsins are the universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the animal kingdom.[1][2]


They change from a resting state to a signalling state by absorbing light. This activates the G protein, resulting in a signalling cascade which produces physiological responses.


This process of capturing a photon and transforming it into a physiological response is known as phototransduction.


Five groups of opsins are involved in vision. Another opsin found in the mammalian retina, melanopsin, is involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex, but not in image-forming.[3]


Some opsins allows vision in just a short stretch of wavelength. This is equivalent to seeing in only one colour. Two opsins allow vision in two colours, and is usual in mammals. Four opsins allows vision in full colour, and is usual in teleost fish, reptiles and birds. In mammals, only Old World monkeys, apes and humans have trichromacy, full colour vision.


It is thought – see evolution of colour vision – that mammals lost much of their colour vision capability during the long period in the Mesozoic when they lived as mostly nocturnal animals.[4]


"...two cone opsin gene families appear in contemporary eutherian mammals and, with the exception of some primates, none of these animals derive more than a single photopigment type from each of their two gene families".[5][6]


References |




  1. ↑ Plachetzki, D.; Fong, C.; Oakley T. 2010. "The evolution of phototransduction from an ancestral cyclic nucleotide gated pathway". Proceedings of the Royal Society / Biological sciences 277 (1690): 1963–1969. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1797. PMID 20219739.


  2. ↑ Shichida Y.; Matsuyama T. 2009. "Evolution of opsins and phototransduction". [1] Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. 364 (1531): 2881–2895. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0051. PMID 19720651


  3. ↑ Lamb T.D; Collin S.P. & Pugh E.N. Jr. 2007. Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (12): 960–976. [2]


  4. ↑ Kemp T.S. 2005. The origin and evolution of mammals. Oxford University Press.


  5. ↑ Bowmaker J.K. 1998. Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates. Eye 12 (3b): 541–547. [3]


  6. ↑ Jacobs G.H. 2009. Phil Trans Roy Soc B. 364 (1531) 2957-2967. [4]










Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opsin&oldid=5874207"













Navigation menu

























(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgPageParseReport":"limitreport":"cputime":"0.028","walltime":"0.039","ppvisitednodes":"value":146,"limit":1000000,"ppgeneratednodes":"value":0,"limit":1500000,"postexpandincludesize":"value":299,"limit":2097152,"templateargumentsize":"value":69,"limit":2097152,"expansiondepth":"value":7,"limit":40,"expensivefunctioncount":"value":0,"limit":500,"unstrip-depth":"value":0,"limit":20,"unstrip-size":"value":3099,"limit":5000000,"entityaccesscount":"value":0,"limit":400,"timingprofile":["100.00% 22.764 1 Template:Reflist","100.00% 22.764 1 -total"," 10.99% 2.502 1 Template:Main_other"],"scribunto":"limitreport-timeusage":"value":"0.002","limit":"10.000","limitreport-memusage":"value":531657,"limit":52428800,"cachereport":"origin":"mw1239","timestamp":"20190728052129","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false););"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Opsin","url":"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsin","sameAs":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q416877","mainEntity":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q416877","author":"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects","publisher":"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-hor-googpub.png","datePublished":"2011-01-17T18:20:12Z","dateModified":"2017-11-12T00:59:20Z"(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgBackendResponseTime":112,"wgHostname":"mw1265"););
-

Popular posts from this blog

Category:9 (number) SubcategoriesMedia in category "9 (number)"Navigation menuUpload mediaGND ID: 4485639-8Library of Congress authority ID: sh85091979ReasonatorScholiaStatistics

Image
Natural numbersSquare numbersCategories requiring diffusion Help Category:9 (number) From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to navigation Jump to search number: 9 (nine) instance of: natural number, deficient number, square number, composite number, odd number, centered cube number, centered octagonal number and nonagonal number other integers: -8 • -4 • -2 • -1 • 0 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 -20 • 0 • 10 • 20 • 30 ...
Read more

Circuit construction for execution of conditional statements using least significant bitHow are two different registers being used as “control”?How exactly is the stated composite state of the two registers being produced using the $R_zz$ controlled rotations?Efficiently performing controlled rotations in HHLWould this quantum algorithm implementation work?How to prepare a superposed states of odd integers from $1$ to $sqrtN$?Why is this implementation of the order finding algorithm not working?Circuit construction for Hamiltonian simulationHow can I invert the least significant bit of a certain term of a superposed state?Implementing an oracleImplementing a controlled sum operation

Image
How to attach cable mounting points to a bicycle frame? Is Jon Snow the last of his House? A steel cutting sword? I know that there is a preselected candidate for a position to be filled at my department. What should I do? Is the field of q-series 'dead'? How to cut a climbing rope? Do photons bend spacetime or not? Where have Brexit voters gone? Is it legal to have an abortion in another state or abroad? Did this character show any indication of wanting to rule before S8E6? How to respond to upset student? Compaq Portable vs IBM 5155 Portable PC Is the Indo-European language family made up? Can I summon an otherworldly creature with the Gate spell without knowing its true name? USPS Back Room - Trespassing? Can my floppy disk still work without a shutter spring? Alternatives to achieve certain output format Are black holes spherical during merger? Can the product of any two aperiodic functions which are defined on the entire number line be p...
Read more

Magento 2 “No Payment Methods” in Admin New OrderHow to integrate Paypal Express Checkout with the Magento APIMagento 1.5 - Sales > Order > edit order and shipping methods disappearAuto Invoice Check/Money Order Payment methodAdd more simple payment methods?Shipping methods not showingWhat should I do to change payment methods if changing the configuration has no effects?1.9 - No Payment Methods showing upMy Payment Methods not Showing for downloadable/virtual product when checkout?Magento2 API to access internal payment methodHow to call an existing payment methods in the registration form?

Image
What is the meaning of [[:space:]] in bash? Is this artwork (used in a video game) real? What happens on Day 6? Link of a singularity Should I be able to keep my company purchased standing desk when I leave my job? Alternator dying so junk car? A scene of Jimmy diversity Is the Gritty Realism variant incompatible with dungeon-based adventures? What could be reasoning of male prison in VR world to only allow undershirt and sarong as nightwear to male prisoners Why does FFmpeg choose 10+20+20 ms instead of an even 16 ms for 60 fps GIF images? Sending a photo of my bank account card to the future employer Advice for paying off student loans and auto loans now that I have my first 'real' job If I stood next to a piece of metal heated to a million degrees, but in a perfect vacuum, would I feel hot? What made Windows ME so crash-prone? Can a dragon's breath weapon pass through Leomund's Tiny Hut? Did 007 exist before James Bond? Is there a sour...
Read more