Negative impact of having the launch pad away from the EquatorThe strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?What are the towers around the SpaceX launch pad used for?How far away can one see a NASA rocket launch?What's the white tall tower with a tank near Space Shuttle launch pad?What are the rectangular wires around Atlas V launch site?How long to repair the pad/tower after the SpaceX disaster?What dangers are on a launch pad after a successful launch?First interplanetary launch from California, why the initial polar orbit?“Pillars of Baikonur” What is the purpose of the hundreds of short, white posts near the Baikonur Cosmodrome launch pad?What is the oldest functional Launch Complex?Why is this part of the Space Shuttle launch pad suspended so high off the ground?
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Negative impact of having the launch pad away from the Equator
The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?What are the towers around the SpaceX launch pad used for?How far away can one see a NASA rocket launch?What's the white tall tower with a tank near Space Shuttle launch pad?What are the rectangular wires around Atlas V launch site?How long to repair the pad/tower after the SpaceX disaster?What dangers are on a launch pad after a successful launch?First interplanetary launch from California, why the initial polar orbit?“Pillars of Baikonur” What is the purpose of the hundreds of short, white posts near the Baikonur Cosmodrome launch pad?What is the oldest functional Launch Complex?Why is this part of the Space Shuttle launch pad suspended so high off the ground?
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch (right?).
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
Obviously, there are other factors. Only 13 countries are crossed directly by the line: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. Most of these are surely not an option. So, I get that any space port would strive to approach the Equator, but might not get too close.
launch-site
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
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asked May 20 at 0:36
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$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch (right?).
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
Obviously, there are other factors. Only 13 countries are crossed directly by the line: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. Most of these are surely not an option. So, I get that any space port would strive to approach the Equator, but might not get too close.
launch-site
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
1362
New contributor
Quora Feans is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch (right?).
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
Obviously, there are other factors. Only 13 countries are crossed directly by the line: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. Most of these are surely not an option. So, I get that any space port would strive to approach the Equator, but might not get too close.
launch-site
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
1362
New contributor
Quora Feans is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
$endgroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch (right?).
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
Obviously, there are other factors. Only 13 countries are crossed directly by the line: Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia and Kiribati. Most of these are surely not an option. So, I get that any space port would strive to approach the Equator, but might not get too close.
launch-site
launch-site
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
1362
New contributor
Quora Feans is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
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asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
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Quora Feans is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
edited May 20 at 0:42
Ingolifs
2,800831
2,800831
asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
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asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
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asked May 20 at 0:36
Quora FeansQuora Feans
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1362
New contributor
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New contributor
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1
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15
1
1
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
The rotational speed of the Earth's surface at the equator, and thus the "free" velocity you get from launching from there into an equatorial orbit, is about 463 m/s. The total velocity budget needed to get to low Earth orbit varies with the design of the rocket, but is usually around 9400 m/s, so you get about 5% of your speed for free. The rotational speed is proportional to the cosine of the latitude; Cape Canaveral at 28.5º north is thus moving at ~407 m/s, so still gaining a lot from the rotation. At no latitude is an orbital launch unfeasible; you just need a slightly more powerful rocket or a slightly smaller payload to launch from higher latitudes. Baikonur is at 46º N (321 m/s) and Plesetsk is at 63º (210 m/s)!
It does require additional energy to launch into a lower inclination orbit than the latitude you're starting from: if you want to orbit directly over the equator from Canaveral, you have to start as if you're launching into a 28.5º-inclination orbit, then modify your direction of flight as you approach the equator.
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch.
Actually, no, not any space launch.
For retrograde orbits ("backwards" orbits with inclination greater than 90 degrees) you have to overcome the spin of the Earth. Most retrograde orbits are close to polar (around 98 degrees for sun-synchronous) but sometimes they are strongly inclined, way past 90 degrees. In this case, being farther from the equator is an advantage, up until your latitude reaches the inclination itself. For example, to get to 135 degrees inclination you can launch between +/- 45 degrees without a big problem, but beyond that you have do waste a lot of delta-v to do a plane change.
You can read about an example of a strongly retrograde orbit in The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?
Which leads to the second point:
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
It's probably never unfeasible, but latitudes larger than the inclination will become increasingly wasteful due to the required plane change. At some point you'll need a bigger rocket for a given payload mass.
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
$endgroup$
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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$begingroup$
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
The rotational speed of the Earth's surface at the equator, and thus the "free" velocity you get from launching from there into an equatorial orbit, is about 463 m/s. The total velocity budget needed to get to low Earth orbit varies with the design of the rocket, but is usually around 9400 m/s, so you get about 5% of your speed for free. The rotational speed is proportional to the cosine of the latitude; Cape Canaveral at 28.5º north is thus moving at ~407 m/s, so still gaining a lot from the rotation. At no latitude is an orbital launch unfeasible; you just need a slightly more powerful rocket or a slightly smaller payload to launch from higher latitudes. Baikonur is at 46º N (321 m/s) and Plesetsk is at 63º (210 m/s)!
It does require additional energy to launch into a lower inclination orbit than the latitude you're starting from: if you want to orbit directly over the equator from Canaveral, you have to start as if you're launching into a 28.5º-inclination orbit, then modify your direction of flight as you approach the equator.
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
add a comment |
$begingroup$
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
The rotational speed of the Earth's surface at the equator, and thus the "free" velocity you get from launching from there into an equatorial orbit, is about 463 m/s. The total velocity budget needed to get to low Earth orbit varies with the design of the rocket, but is usually around 9400 m/s, so you get about 5% of your speed for free. The rotational speed is proportional to the cosine of the latitude; Cape Canaveral at 28.5º north is thus moving at ~407 m/s, so still gaining a lot from the rotation. At no latitude is an orbital launch unfeasible; you just need a slightly more powerful rocket or a slightly smaller payload to launch from higher latitudes. Baikonur is at 46º N (321 m/s) and Plesetsk is at 63º (210 m/s)!
It does require additional energy to launch into a lower inclination orbit than the latitude you're starting from: if you want to orbit directly over the equator from Canaveral, you have to start as if you're launching into a 28.5º-inclination orbit, then modify your direction of flight as you approach the equator.
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
add a comment |
$begingroup$
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
The rotational speed of the Earth's surface at the equator, and thus the "free" velocity you get from launching from there into an equatorial orbit, is about 463 m/s. The total velocity budget needed to get to low Earth orbit varies with the design of the rocket, but is usually around 9400 m/s, so you get about 5% of your speed for free. The rotational speed is proportional to the cosine of the latitude; Cape Canaveral at 28.5º north is thus moving at ~407 m/s, so still gaining a lot from the rotation. At no latitude is an orbital launch unfeasible; you just need a slightly more powerful rocket or a slightly smaller payload to launch from higher latitudes. Baikonur is at 46º N (321 m/s) and Plesetsk is at 63º (210 m/s)!
It does require additional energy to launch into a lower inclination orbit than the latitude you're starting from: if you want to orbit directly over the equator from Canaveral, you have to start as if you're launching into a 28.5º-inclination orbit, then modify your direction of flight as you approach the equator.
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
$endgroup$
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
The rotational speed of the Earth's surface at the equator, and thus the "free" velocity you get from launching from there into an equatorial orbit, is about 463 m/s. The total velocity budget needed to get to low Earth orbit varies with the design of the rocket, but is usually around 9400 m/s, so you get about 5% of your speed for free. The rotational speed is proportional to the cosine of the latitude; Cape Canaveral at 28.5º north is thus moving at ~407 m/s, so still gaining a lot from the rotation. At no latitude is an orbital launch unfeasible; you just need a slightly more powerful rocket or a slightly smaller payload to launch from higher latitudes. Baikonur is at 46º N (321 m/s) and Plesetsk is at 63º (210 m/s)!
It does require additional energy to launch into a lower inclination orbit than the latitude you're starting from: if you want to orbit directly over the equator from Canaveral, you have to start as if you're launching into a 28.5º-inclination orbit, then modify your direction of flight as you approach the equator.
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
answered May 20 at 0:57
Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove
92.4k3311396
92.4k3311396
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
$begingroup$
Yes, the dogleg is going to add to the surface speed difference. In the end, the actual difference is going to be (equator surface speed - origin surface speed) + dog leg maneuver/gravity loss/...
$endgroup$
– Antzi
May 20 at 7:12
3
3
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
$begingroup$
Given that the Israelis launch their satellites retrograde from (relatively) low latitude for geopolitical reasons, and thus have to overcome the entirety of their angular velocity, no latitude is unfeasible. It's just a question of money/payload.
$endgroup$
– Excalabur
May 20 at 14:56
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch.
Actually, no, not any space launch.
For retrograde orbits ("backwards" orbits with inclination greater than 90 degrees) you have to overcome the spin of the Earth. Most retrograde orbits are close to polar (around 98 degrees for sun-synchronous) but sometimes they are strongly inclined, way past 90 degrees. In this case, being farther from the equator is an advantage, up until your latitude reaches the inclination itself. For example, to get to 135 degrees inclination you can launch between +/- 45 degrees without a big problem, but beyond that you have do waste a lot of delta-v to do a plane change.
You can read about an example of a strongly retrograde orbit in The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?
Which leads to the second point:
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
It's probably never unfeasible, but latitudes larger than the inclination will become increasingly wasteful due to the required plane change. At some point you'll need a bigger rocket for a given payload mass.
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch.
Actually, no, not any space launch.
For retrograde orbits ("backwards" orbits with inclination greater than 90 degrees) you have to overcome the spin of the Earth. Most retrograde orbits are close to polar (around 98 degrees for sun-synchronous) but sometimes they are strongly inclined, way past 90 degrees. In this case, being farther from the equator is an advantage, up until your latitude reaches the inclination itself. For example, to get to 135 degrees inclination you can launch between +/- 45 degrees without a big problem, but beyond that you have do waste a lot of delta-v to do a plane change.
You can read about an example of a strongly retrograde orbit in The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?
Which leads to the second point:
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
It's probably never unfeasible, but latitudes larger than the inclination will become increasingly wasteful due to the required plane change. At some point you'll need a bigger rocket for a given payload mass.
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch.
Actually, no, not any space launch.
For retrograde orbits ("backwards" orbits with inclination greater than 90 degrees) you have to overcome the spin of the Earth. Most retrograde orbits are close to polar (around 98 degrees for sun-synchronous) but sometimes they are strongly inclined, way past 90 degrees. In this case, being farther from the equator is an advantage, up until your latitude reaches the inclination itself. For example, to get to 135 degrees inclination you can launch between +/- 45 degrees without a big problem, but beyond that you have do waste a lot of delta-v to do a plane change.
You can read about an example of a strongly retrograde orbit in The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?
Which leads to the second point:
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
It's probably never unfeasible, but latitudes larger than the inclination will become increasingly wasteful due to the required plane change. At some point you'll need a bigger rocket for a given payload mass.
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
$endgroup$
I imagine a satellite meant for reaching a geostationary orbit will benefit most from it, but being near the Equator is surely an advantage to any space launch.
Actually, no, not any space launch.
For retrograde orbits ("backwards" orbits with inclination greater than 90 degrees) you have to overcome the spin of the Earth. Most retrograde orbits are close to polar (around 98 degrees for sun-synchronous) but sometimes they are strongly inclined, way past 90 degrees. In this case, being farther from the equator is an advantage, up until your latitude reaches the inclination itself. For example, to get to 135 degrees inclination you can launch between +/- 45 degrees without a big problem, but beyond that you have do waste a lot of delta-v to do a plane change.
You can read about an example of a strongly retrograde orbit in The strange orbit of Ofeq 11 - how does it (actually) do this?
Which leads to the second point:
However, what's the impact of each degree south or north away from the Equator on the launch? At what point would a launch become unfeasible?
It's probably never unfeasible, but latitudes larger than the inclination will become increasingly wasteful due to the required plane change. At some point you'll need a bigger rocket for a given payload mass.
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
answered May 20 at 0:44
uhohuhoh
43.1k19168552
43.1k19168552
add a comment |
add a comment |
Quora Feans is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Quora Feans is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Quora Feans is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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1
$begingroup$
The "Spaceport" from ArianeSpace is the closest one to the equator if I'm not wrong. It's in French Guiana, South America.
$endgroup$
– GittingGud
May 21 at 12:15