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Lunisolárny kalendár Referencie | Pozri aj | Navigačné menuDostupné online0023-5202

Kalendáre


kalendárrokatropickým rokomekliptikežidovský kalendár










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Lunisolárny kalendár




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Lunisolárny kalendár (iné názvy: lunárno-solárny kalendár, mesačno-slnečný kalendár)[1] je kalendár, ktorý kombinuje princíp kalendára solárneho a lunárneho, teda slnečného a mesačného, a snaží sa tak kompenzovať nevýhody oboch kalendárov. Znamená to, že dĺžka mesiacov zodpovedá dĺžke mesačného cyklu (t. j. približne 29,5 dní), zatiaľ čo dĺžka roka sa riadi tropickým rokom, t. j. dobou, kedy sa slnko vráti na svoje pôvodné miesto na ekliptike.


Príkladom použitia lunisolárneho kalendára je židovský kalendár.


Aby bolo možné skombinovať a spojiť mesačný a slnečný cyklus, používajú sa tzv. „priestupné mesiace“. Prax vychádza zo skutočnosti, že každý lunárny rok je kratší o približne 11,5 dní ako rok solárny. To znamená, že za tri roky sa lunárny cyklus omešká o 34,5 dní, čo zodpovedá približne jednému mesiacu. Preto sa pri tomto posune vkladá väčšinou každý tretí rok (presnú prax je potrebné overiť pri každom kalendári osobitne) jeden mesiac navyše. Priestupný rok má teda 13 mesiacov.


V staroveku sa o vsunutie priestupného mesiaca rozhodovalo podľa stavu obilia (ak už bolo pripravené na žatvu, alebo či potrebovalo na dozretie ešte jeden mesiac), dnes sa priestupné roky vypočítavajú.



Referencie |



  1. ↑ Súpis termínov z astronómie. Kultúra slova (Bratislava: Jazykovedný ústav Ľ. Štúra SAV a Matica Slovenská), 2018, roč. 52, čís. 1, s. 29. Dostupné online [cit. 2018-05-16]. ISSN 0023-5202.



Pozri aj |


  • Solárny kalendár

  • Lunárny kalendár




Zdroj: „https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunisolárny_kalendár&oldid=6671566“










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