Skip to main content

Vitamin B12 References | Navigation menu10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_9"Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12"

VitaminsOrganometallic chemistry


brainnervous systembloodB vitaminsmetabolismcellDNAfatty acidamino acidFungibacteriaarchaeaenzymessynthesissymbiosisgut florasymbiosisfermentationcobaltcorrinpernicious anemiaautoimmune diseaseintrinsic factorabsorbedvitamin B12 deficiency












Vitamin B12




From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia






Jump to navigation
Jump to search




The cobalamine molecule. Its half-life in the blood is only 6 days, but its half-life in the liver is 400 days




Methylcobalamin (shown) is a form of vitamin B12. The dark red crystals form cherry-colored transparent solutions in water


Vitamin B12 (or vitamin B-12) is also called cobalamin. It has a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins.


B12 is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.[1]Fungi, plants and animals (including humans) cannot produce vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have enzymes for its synthesis, although animals can convert it to the version they need.


Many foods are a natural source of B12 because of bacterial symbiosis. It is produced by some of the gut flora of herbivores. Carnivores, of course, eat herbivores. Also algae and plants get it from symbiosis. So, by one route or another, animals must get vitamin B12 from bacteria (and archaea).


The vitamin is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin. It can be produced industrially only by bacterial fermentation-synthesis.


Vitamin B12 is a group of chemically related compounds, all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt sitting in the center of a ring called a corrin ring. In the human body it is converted to the human physiological forms.


Vitamin B12 was discovered by its relationship to pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease. Because an "intrinsic factor" is needed for B12 to be absorbed, its lack causes a vitamin B12 deficiency. Many other kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency have since been found.[2]



References |




  1. ↑ Yamada, Kazuhiro (2013). "Chapter 9. Cobalt: its role in health and disease". In Astrid, Helmut and Roland Sigel (eds) (ed.). Interrelations between essential metal ions and human diseases. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 13. Springer. pp. 295–320. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_9.CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link).mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ↑ "Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B12". Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 28 September 2011.










Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitamin_B12&oldid=5946613"










Navigation menu


























(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgPageParseReport":"limitreport":"cputime":"0.148","walltime":"0.192","ppvisitednodes":"value":168,"limit":1000000,"ppgeneratednodes":"value":0,"limit":1500000,"postexpandincludesize":"value":3959,"limit":2097152,"templateargumentsize":"value":75,"limit":2097152,"expansiondepth":"value":8,"limit":40,"expensivefunctioncount":"value":1,"limit":500,"unstrip-depth":"value":1,"limit":20,"unstrip-size":"value":6147,"limit":5000000,"entityaccesscount":"value":1,"limit":400,"timingprofile":["100.00% 144.536 1 Template:Reflist","100.00% 144.536 1 -total"," 86.31% 124.753 1 Template:Cite_book"," 3.85% 5.570 1 Template:Cite_web"," 2.17% 3.137 1 Template:Main_other"],"scribunto":"limitreport-timeusage":"value":"0.081","limit":"10.000","limitreport-memusage":"value":1780687,"limit":52428800,"cachereport":"origin":"mw1303","timestamp":"20190715155505","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false););"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vitamin B12","url":"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12","sameAs":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q187706","mainEntity":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q187706","author":"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects","publisher":"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-hor-googpub.png","datePublished":"2015-10-30T15:29:26Z","dateModified":"2018-01-10T13:44:19Z","image":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Cobalamin.png","headline":"several chemical forms of vitamin B12"(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function()mw.config.set("wgBackendResponseTime":97,"wgHostname":"mw1251"););
-

Popular posts from this blog

Category:9 (number) SubcategoriesMedia in category "9 (number)"Navigation menuUpload mediaGND ID: 4485639-8Library of Congress authority ID: sh85091979ReasonatorScholiaStatistics

Image
Natural numbersSquare numbersCategories requiring diffusion Help Category:9 (number) From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to navigation Jump to search number: 9 (nine) instance of: natural number, deficient number, square number, composite number, odd number, centered cube number, centered octagonal number and nonagonal number other integers: -8 • -4 • -2 • -1 • 0 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15 • 16 • 17 • 18 • 19 • 20 • 21 • 22 • 23 • 24 • 25 • 26 • 27 • 28 • 29 -20 • 0 • 10 • 20 • 30 • 40 • 50 • 60 • 70 • 80 • 90 • 100 • 110 • 120 • 130 • 140 • 150 • 160 • 170 • 180 • 190 • 200 This category has become too crowded. It should list very few images directly. Files should be moved to subcategories where appropriate. New subcategories can be created. Some files need to be moved elsewhere. Search for more categories: fulltext, Main Page, topics, meta categories. Please remove or replace this tag
Read more

Circuit construction for execution of conditional statements using least significant bitHow are two different registers being used as “control”?How exactly is the stated composite state of the two registers being produced using the $R_zz$ controlled rotations?Efficiently performing controlled rotations in HHLWould this quantum algorithm implementation work?How to prepare a superposed states of odd integers from $1$ to $sqrtN$?Why is this implementation of the order finding algorithm not working?Circuit construction for Hamiltonian simulationHow can I invert the least significant bit of a certain term of a superposed state?Implementing an oracleImplementing a controlled sum operation

Image
How to attach cable mounting points to a bicycle frame? Is Jon Snow the last of his House? A steel cutting sword? I know that there is a preselected candidate for a position to be filled at my department. What should I do? Is the field of q-series 'dead'? How to cut a climbing rope? Do photons bend spacetime or not? Where have Brexit voters gone? Is it legal to have an abortion in another state or abroad? Did this character show any indication of wanting to rule before S8E6? How to respond to upset student? Compaq Portable vs IBM 5155 Portable PC Is the Indo-European language family made up? Can I summon an otherworldly creature with the Gate spell without knowing its true name? USPS Back Room - Trespassing? Can my floppy disk still work without a shutter spring? Alternatives to achieve certain output format Are black holes spherical during merger? Can the product of any two aperiodic functions which are defined on the entire number line be p
Read more

Magento 2 “No Payment Methods” in Admin New OrderHow to integrate Paypal Express Checkout with the Magento APIMagento 1.5 - Sales > Order > edit order and shipping methods disappearAuto Invoice Check/Money Order Payment methodAdd more simple payment methods?Shipping methods not showingWhat should I do to change payment methods if changing the configuration has no effects?1.9 - No Payment Methods showing upMy Payment Methods not Showing for downloadable/virtual product when checkout?Magento2 API to access internal payment methodHow to call an existing payment methods in the registration form?

Image
What is the meaning of [[:space:]] in bash? Is this artwork (used in a video game) real? What happens on Day 6? Link of a singularity Should I be able to keep my company purchased standing desk when I leave my job? Alternator dying so junk car? A scene of Jimmy diversity Is the Gritty Realism variant incompatible with dungeon-based adventures? What could be reasoning of male prison in VR world to only allow undershirt and sarong as nightwear to male prisoners Why does FFmpeg choose 10+20+20 ms instead of an even 16 ms for 60 fps GIF images? Sending a photo of my bank account card to the future employer Advice for paying off student loans and auto loans now that I have my first 'real' job If I stood next to a piece of metal heated to a million degrees, but in a perfect vacuum, would I feel hot? What made Windows ME so crash-prone? Can a dragon's breath weapon pass through Leomund's Tiny Hut? Did 007 exist before James Bond? Is there a sour
Read more