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涅伊特 名称和象征 属性 脚注 导航菜单

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涅伊特




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涅伊特

战争、狩猎、编织和智慧女神

Neith.svg
埃及女神涅伊特佩戴战争女神符号,头顶一只交叉着两支箭的盾牌,手拿安卡架(Ankh)和“沃斯”(was)权杖。有时,她戴着下埃及红色王冠。


圣书体名称




n
t
R25B1
祭祀中心
塞易斯城
象徵
弓、盾牌、交叉的箭
配偶
赫努姆或塞特
子嗣
索贝克

奈斯神“Neith”(/nθ//nθ/,也拼写为尼特“Nit”、涅特“Net”或涅伊特“Neit”[1])是一位早期埃及神殿中的女神,塞易斯城的守护神,该城早在第一王朝起,[2]就成为埃及尼罗河三角洲西部地区涅伊特的崇拜中心,它的古埃及名称叫扎乌(Zau)。


涅伊特也是古埃及南部城市“Ta-senet”或“Iunyt”现称为伊斯纳,希腊文称为“莱托波利斯”(Latopolis)(位于尼罗河西岸,卢克索(Luxor)以南约55公里处,现今的基纳省“Qena Governorate”)的三位守护神之一。



名称和象征


涅伊特是狩猎和战争女神,她的象征物是一只盾牌,上面交叉着两支箭,该符号也塞易斯城的标志。[3]在埃及艺术中这一象征物显示在她的头顶上。作为战争女神,她曾说要让战士的武器在死后保护他们的身体。


涅伊特兼有男性神和女性神的特征,她的名字也可被解释为指水。随着时间的推移,这导致了她被认为是创造原始水的化身,负有造物神的使命,是众神和人类的创造者,被称作“众父之父和众母之母”。


涅伊特的象征物及她圣书体名的一部分,还类似一台织布机,因此,在后来的埃及神话史中,她也就成为了编织女神,并获得了该种传说中的名字“涅伊特”-“织工”的意思。这时她作为一名创造者的角色已从“水”变为了“编织世界”之神,并且一切都存在于她的织机之中。


在艺术形象中,涅伊特有时呈现为一名头顶织梭、手拿弓箭的妇女。其他时候,则被描绘成一位狮首或蛇首、牛首女身的妇女。


有时,涅伊特被描绘成一名给鳄鱼哺乳的妇女,她的称号是“鳄鱼保姆”。作为拉神的母亲,她有时被称为“生下拉神的母牛”。


涅伊特还被认为是一名智慧女神,曾对荷鲁斯和塞特之争进行了仲裁。



属性




涅伊特之盾,埃及第二十六王朝. 里昂美术馆


由于涅伊特是编织女神、妇女保护神及婚姻守护神。所以,古埃及贵妇常以“涅伊特”为自己取名。另一方面,由于她也是战争女神,因此产生了一些与死亡有关的附加联系。有人说,她编织的是作为礼物送与死者木乃伊所穿戴的绷带和殓衣。因而,她开始被视为荷鲁斯四子之一,具体指多姆泰夫(Duamutef)[4]的保护神-存放胃的瓷罐的神化。因为腹部(常被误认为与胃相关)是战斗中身体最脆弱的部分,也是一个主要的攻击目标。有人说,她会向任何胆敢攻击所保护瓷罐的邪灵发射弓箭。



脚注




  1. ^ 《世界神话辞典》,“涅伊特<埃及>”,第759页,辽宁人民出版社,1989年


  2. ^ Shaw & Nicholson, op, cit., p.250


  3. ^ The Way to Eternity: Egyptian Myth, F. Fleming & A. Lothian, p. 62.


  4. ^ 《世界神话辞典》,“霍尔诸子<埃及>”,第1033页,辽宁人民出版社,1989年





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