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As you can see below, the 3/2 looks so weird in which the font size of the numerator is bigger than that of the denominator. How to make it get balanced?

documentclass[pstricks,border=0pt,12pt]standalone
usepackagepst-eucl
usepackageetoolbox
robustifysqrt

begindocument
beginpspicture(-6,-1)(6,1.25)
 pstGeonode[
 PointSymbol=|,
 PosAngle=-90,
 PointNameSep=16pt,
 PointName=frac3-sqrt172,-frac12,frac32,2,frac3+sqrt172
 ](-4,0)A(-2,0)B(0,0)C(2,0)D(4,0)E
 pcline[nodesep=-1](A)(E)
 pcline(5.8,0)(E)nbput$++++$
 pcline(E)(D)nbput$----$
 pcline(D)(C)nbput$++++$
 pcline(C)(B)nbput$----$
 pcline(B)(A)nbput$++++$
 pcline(A)(-5.8,0)nbput$----$
 pssetarrows=*-*,offset=22pt
 pcline(A)(B)
 pcline(C)(D)
 pcline*->(E)(5.5,0)
endpspicture
enddocument

For reasons that depend on the same ones that force to robustifysqrt, a fraction as the first item is typeset incorrectly. You can robustify also frac.

documentclass[pstricks,border=0pt,12pt]standalone
usepackagepst-eucl
usepackageetoolbox,amsmath
robustifysqrt
robustifyfrac

begindocument
beginpspicture(-6,-1)(6,1.25)
 pstGeonode[
 PointSymbol=|,
 PosAngle=-90,
 PointNameSep=16pt,
 PointName=frac3-sqrt172,-frac12,frac32,2,frac3+sqrt172
 ](-4,0)A(-2,0)B(0,0)C(2,0)D(4,0)E
 pcline[nodesep=-1](A)(E)
 pcline(5.8,0)(E)nbput$++++$
 pcline(E)(D)nbput$----$
 pcline(D)(C)nbput$++++$
 pcline(C)(B)nbput$----$
 pcline(B)(A)nbput$++++$
 pcline(A)(-5.8,0)nbput$----$
 pssetarrows=*-*,offset=22pt
 pcline(A)(B)
 pcline(C)(D)
 pcline*->(E)(5.5,0)
endpspicture
enddocument

Also bracing each item works, but using a robust frac is better.

Note: due to + and - being binary operation symbols, a sequence such as ++++ is interpreted as Ord Bin Ord Ord (by rule a binary operation symbol is changed into an ordinary one if it doesn't have suitable operands on either side) and the spacing is odd. Input them as ++++ and ---- to get all ordinary symbols.

It looks like a bug in pst-eucl. As a workaround, you can use dfrac instead (load amsmath), and slightly increase the value of PointNameSep:

documentclass[pstricks, border=0pt,12pt]standalone
usepackagepst-eucl
usepackageamsmath, nccmath
usepackageetoolbox
robustifysqrt

begindocument

beginpspicture(-6,-1.25)(6,1.25)
 pstGeonode[
 PointSymbol=|,
 PosAngle=-90,
 PointNameSep=18 pt,
 PointName=dfrac3-sqrt172,-dfrac12,dfrac32,2, dfrac3+sqrt172
 ](-4,0)A(-2,0)B(0,0)C(2,0)D(4,0)E
 pcline[nodesep=-1](A)(E)
 pcline(5.8,0)(E)nbput$++++$
 pcline(E)(D)nbput$----$
 pcline(D)(C)nbput$++++$
 pcline(C)(B)nbput$----$
 pcline(B)(A)nbput$++++$
 pcline(A)(-5.8,0)nbput$----$
 pssetarrows=*-*,offset=22pt
 pcline(A)(B)
 pcline(C)(D)
 pcline*->(E)(5.5,0)
endpspicture

enddocument 

It is completely nonsense to use the PointName key for such labels because the label is internally also the node name. You should use simple nodes and psxTick instead. However,

PointName=frac3-sqrt172,-frac12,frac32,scriptstyle2,frac3+sqrt172

should also do the trick

documentclass[pstricks,border=0pt,12pt]standalone
usepackagepstricks-add

begindocument
beginpspicture(-6,-1)(6,1.25)
 pnodes(-4,0)A(-2,0)B(0,0)C(2,0)D(4,0)E
 psxTick(-4)frac3-sqrt172
 psxTick(-2)-frac12
 psxTick(0)frac32
 psxTick(2)scriptstyle2vphantomfrac12
 psxTick(4)frac3+sqrt172
 multidorA=-4.9+4.03uput[90](rA,0)$----$%
 multidorA=-3+43uput[90](rA,0)$++++$%
 pcline[nodesep=-1.75](A)(E)
 pssetarrows=*-*,offset=22pt
 pcline(A)(B)
 pcline(C)(D)
 pcline*->(E)(5.5,0)
endpspicture
enddocument

Or if you do not like hardcoded values:

documentclass[pstricks,border=0pt,12pt]standalone
usepackagepstricks-add
begindocument
beginpspicture(-6,-1)(6,1.25)
 pnodes(-4,0)A(-2,0)B(0,0)C(2,0)D(4,0)E
 psxTick(-4)frac3-sqrt172
 psxTick(-2)-frac12
 psxTick(0)frac32
 psxTick(2)scriptstyle2vphantomfrac12
 psxTick(4)frac3+sqrt172
 pcline[nodesep=-1.75](A)(E)
 pssetarrows=*-*,offset=20pt
 pcline(A)(B)nbput$++++$
 pcline(C)(D)nbput$++++$
 pcline*->(E)(5.5,0)nbput$++++$
 pssetlinestyle=none,arrows=-
 pcline(-5.8,0)(A)nbput$----$
 pcline(B)(C)nbput$----$
 pcline(D)(E)nbput$----$
endpspicture
enddocument