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Was Hurd kernel created as a modification of Linux kernel?
When did Linux kernel become libre software?Which Linux or BSD distributions do still support i386, i486 or i586 CPUs?Since when are Linux drivers loaded as kernel modules?Why does the Motorola 68000 series require a kernel to be specified during Linux installation?What init system was used in early Linux distributions?Refactoring Old Printer Driver for Current Linux KernelEchoed escape sequences doesn't interpreted in Linux tty
As I know, shortly after Linus Torvalds liberated the Linux kernel it was implemented in GNU operating system which is since then known as GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux.
From the GNU article in Wikipedia I understand the GNU OS kernel is Hurd.
Was Hurd created as a modification of Torvalds's Linux kernel?
linux
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
|
show 2 more comments
As I know, shortly after Linus Torvalds liberated the Linux kernel it was implemented in GNU operating system which is since then known as GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux.
From the GNU article in Wikipedia I understand the GNU OS kernel is Hurd.
Was Hurd created as a modification of Torvalds's Linux kernel?
linux
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
7
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
10
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
8
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
1
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
1
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21
|
show 2 more comments
As I know, shortly after Linus Torvalds liberated the Linux kernel it was implemented in GNU operating system which is since then known as GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux.
From the GNU article in Wikipedia I understand the GNU OS kernel is Hurd.
Was Hurd created as a modification of Torvalds's Linux kernel?
linux
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
As I know, shortly after Linus Torvalds liberated the Linux kernel it was implemented in GNU operating system which is since then known as GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux.
From the GNU article in Wikipedia I understand the GNU OS kernel is Hurd.
Was Hurd created as a modification of Torvalds's Linux kernel?
linux
linux
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
edited Jun 2 at 4:19
Leo B.
6,82942470
6,82942470
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
asked Jun 2 at 2:21
JohnDoeaJohnDoea
319210
319210
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
JohnDoea is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
7
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
10
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
8
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
1
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
1
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21
|
show 2 more comments
7
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
10
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
8
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
1
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
1
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21
7
7
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
10
10
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
8
8
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
1
1
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
1
1
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21
|
show 2 more comments
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
No. The Hurd was a separate effort, using a microkernel design. Some computer scientists believe this to have more appealing properties than the pragmatic monolithic design of the Linux kernel, but it is also more difficult to implement, which is partly why the Hurd was not delivered in a timely fashion and the world ended up going with Linux.
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
add a comment |
No, Hurd kernel had been in developement for a few years before Linux kernel was released.
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
|
show 2 more comments
No, they were independent developments.
However, the situation is a little bit more complex. Hurd is not just a Linux with a different kernel, also the structure of the OS is highly different.
GNU Hurd is a microkernel. That means that the actual kernel does as little as possible. The ordinary kernel functionality is being done by user space processes, communicating with the microkernel and with each other.
For example, the ext4 filesystem driver is a kernel module in Linux. That means it is a collection of functions in a library, what converts the ext4 filesystem operations to block device operations.
In Hurd, the ext21 filesystem driver is essentially a daemon, service. Just like, for example, the Apache web server. The ext4 filesystem operations are talking with this daemon.
A Microkernel-based OS has also the feature, that the actual microkernel is actually an easily replaceable part of the system. The important part of the system is the collection of its daemons.
GNU Hurd is the abbreviation of "Hird of Unix Replacement Daemons". During its development, the actually used microkernel was changed multiple times.
Thus, what we understand on the "Linux kernel", is a "microkernel + the collection of the Unix replacement daemons" in the sense of the GNU Hurd.
Thus:
- Some of the code of the daemons is probably derived from Linux kernel code. Particularly the filesystem drivers.
- Its microkernel is an entirely independent development from the Linux kernel.
The sum is that probably it has much Linux kernel code, it is mainly a different product (note, both systems being GPL, it is not a major question from the intellectual property view).
1As far I know, ext3/4 support is not developed yet.
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
add a comment |
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
No. The Hurd was a separate effort, using a microkernel design. Some computer scientists believe this to have more appealing properties than the pragmatic monolithic design of the Linux kernel, but it is also more difficult to implement, which is partly why the Hurd was not delivered in a timely fashion and the world ended up going with Linux.
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
add a comment |
No. The Hurd was a separate effort, using a microkernel design. Some computer scientists believe this to have more appealing properties than the pragmatic monolithic design of the Linux kernel, but it is also more difficult to implement, which is partly why the Hurd was not delivered in a timely fashion and the world ended up going with Linux.
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
add a comment |
No. The Hurd was a separate effort, using a microkernel design. Some computer scientists believe this to have more appealing properties than the pragmatic monolithic design of the Linux kernel, but it is also more difficult to implement, which is partly why the Hurd was not delivered in a timely fashion and the world ended up going with Linux.
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
No. The Hurd was a separate effort, using a microkernel design. Some computer scientists believe this to have more appealing properties than the pragmatic monolithic design of the Linux kernel, but it is also more difficult to implement, which is partly why the Hurd was not delivered in a timely fashion and the world ended up going with Linux.
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
answered Jun 2 at 3:44
rwallacerwallace
11.9k564176
11.9k564176
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
add a comment |
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
" it is also more difficult to implement" - in theory the opposite is true because it breaks up the kernel so it can be compiled separately and loaded on the fly. In practice, one can do that with a monokernel as well, with some work. More importantly, the micro adds overhead that has never been successfully avoided at a large scale.
– Maury Markowitz
Jun 3 at 18:39
1
1
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
Now read blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2016/01/01/0 .
– JdeBP
2 days ago
add a comment |
No, Hurd kernel had been in developement for a few years before Linux kernel was released.
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
|
show 2 more comments
No, Hurd kernel had been in developement for a few years before Linux kernel was released.
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
|
show 2 more comments
No, Hurd kernel had been in developement for a few years before Linux kernel was released.
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
No, Hurd kernel had been in developement for a few years before Linux kernel was released.
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
answered Jun 2 at 7:39
JustmeJustme
1,034310
1,034310
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
|
show 2 more comments
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
2
2
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
Do you have anything to back that up?
– Chenmunka♦
Jun 2 at 11:11
7
7
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
From the mouth of RMS: gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 12:05
3
3
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
Per Wikipedia, GNU Hurd development started in 1986 (based on MIT/TRIX), was abandoned, then restarted in 1990 (based on CMU Mach). The initial release of Linux was in September of 1991.
– Kelvin Sherlock
Jun 2 at 13:50
4
4
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
I was at university during the early noughties; at the time one professor used Hurd and Linux to demonstrate the difference between what can happen if you sit down and tirelessly plan versus if you just start coding and don't worry about an all-encompassing plan in advance.
– Tommy
Jun 2 at 15:04
2
2
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
@Tommy: Indeed. It is quite funny to look at all the statements Linus made when he originally released Linux. "It will not be as big and professional as GNU", "It is intimately tied to 386 and cannot be ported", also he deemed making it support multiple CPUs close to impossible.
– Jörg W Mittag
Jun 3 at 15:01
|
show 2 more comments
No, they were independent developments.
However, the situation is a little bit more complex. Hurd is not just a Linux with a different kernel, also the structure of the OS is highly different.
GNU Hurd is a microkernel. That means that the actual kernel does as little as possible. The ordinary kernel functionality is being done by user space processes, communicating with the microkernel and with each other.
For example, the ext4 filesystem driver is a kernel module in Linux. That means it is a collection of functions in a library, what converts the ext4 filesystem operations to block device operations.
In Hurd, the ext21 filesystem driver is essentially a daemon, service. Just like, for example, the Apache web server. The ext4 filesystem operations are talking with this daemon.
A Microkernel-based OS has also the feature, that the actual microkernel is actually an easily replaceable part of the system. The important part of the system is the collection of its daemons.
GNU Hurd is the abbreviation of "Hird of Unix Replacement Daemons". During its development, the actually used microkernel was changed multiple times.
Thus, what we understand on the "Linux kernel", is a "microkernel + the collection of the Unix replacement daemons" in the sense of the GNU Hurd.
Thus:
- Some of the code of the daemons is probably derived from Linux kernel code. Particularly the filesystem drivers.
- Its microkernel is an entirely independent development from the Linux kernel.
The sum is that probably it has much Linux kernel code, it is mainly a different product (note, both systems being GPL, it is not a major question from the intellectual property view).
1As far I know, ext3/4 support is not developed yet.
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
add a comment |
No, they were independent developments.
However, the situation is a little bit more complex. Hurd is not just a Linux with a different kernel, also the structure of the OS is highly different.
GNU Hurd is a microkernel. That means that the actual kernel does as little as possible. The ordinary kernel functionality is being done by user space processes, communicating with the microkernel and with each other.
For example, the ext4 filesystem driver is a kernel module in Linux. That means it is a collection of functions in a library, what converts the ext4 filesystem operations to block device operations.
In Hurd, the ext21 filesystem driver is essentially a daemon, service. Just like, for example, the Apache web server. The ext4 filesystem operations are talking with this daemon.
A Microkernel-based OS has also the feature, that the actual microkernel is actually an easily replaceable part of the system. The important part of the system is the collection of its daemons.
GNU Hurd is the abbreviation of "Hird of Unix Replacement Daemons". During its development, the actually used microkernel was changed multiple times.
Thus, what we understand on the "Linux kernel", is a "microkernel + the collection of the Unix replacement daemons" in the sense of the GNU Hurd.
Thus:
- Some of the code of the daemons is probably derived from Linux kernel code. Particularly the filesystem drivers.
- Its microkernel is an entirely independent development from the Linux kernel.
The sum is that probably it has much Linux kernel code, it is mainly a different product (note, both systems being GPL, it is not a major question from the intellectual property view).
1As far I know, ext3/4 support is not developed yet.
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
add a comment |
No, they were independent developments.
However, the situation is a little bit more complex. Hurd is not just a Linux with a different kernel, also the structure of the OS is highly different.
GNU Hurd is a microkernel. That means that the actual kernel does as little as possible. The ordinary kernel functionality is being done by user space processes, communicating with the microkernel and with each other.
For example, the ext4 filesystem driver is a kernel module in Linux. That means it is a collection of functions in a library, what converts the ext4 filesystem operations to block device operations.
In Hurd, the ext21 filesystem driver is essentially a daemon, service. Just like, for example, the Apache web server. The ext4 filesystem operations are talking with this daemon.
A Microkernel-based OS has also the feature, that the actual microkernel is actually an easily replaceable part of the system. The important part of the system is the collection of its daemons.
GNU Hurd is the abbreviation of "Hird of Unix Replacement Daemons". During its development, the actually used microkernel was changed multiple times.
Thus, what we understand on the "Linux kernel", is a "microkernel + the collection of the Unix replacement daemons" in the sense of the GNU Hurd.
Thus:
- Some of the code of the daemons is probably derived from Linux kernel code. Particularly the filesystem drivers.
- Its microkernel is an entirely independent development from the Linux kernel.
The sum is that probably it has much Linux kernel code, it is mainly a different product (note, both systems being GPL, it is not a major question from the intellectual property view).
1As far I know, ext3/4 support is not developed yet.
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
No, they were independent developments.
However, the situation is a little bit more complex. Hurd is not just a Linux with a different kernel, also the structure of the OS is highly different.
GNU Hurd is a microkernel. That means that the actual kernel does as little as possible. The ordinary kernel functionality is being done by user space processes, communicating with the microkernel and with each other.
For example, the ext4 filesystem driver is a kernel module in Linux. That means it is a collection of functions in a library, what converts the ext4 filesystem operations to block device operations.
In Hurd, the ext21 filesystem driver is essentially a daemon, service. Just like, for example, the Apache web server. The ext4 filesystem operations are talking with this daemon.
A Microkernel-based OS has also the feature, that the actual microkernel is actually an easily replaceable part of the system. The important part of the system is the collection of its daemons.
GNU Hurd is the abbreviation of "Hird of Unix Replacement Daemons". During its development, the actually used microkernel was changed multiple times.
Thus, what we understand on the "Linux kernel", is a "microkernel + the collection of the Unix replacement daemons" in the sense of the GNU Hurd.
Thus:
- Some of the code of the daemons is probably derived from Linux kernel code. Particularly the filesystem drivers.
- Its microkernel is an entirely independent development from the Linux kernel.
The sum is that probably it has much Linux kernel code, it is mainly a different product (note, both systems being GPL, it is not a major question from the intellectual property view).
1As far I know, ext3/4 support is not developed yet.
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
edited yesterday
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
answered yesterday
peterhpeterh
1,072820
1,072820
add a comment |
add a comment |
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7
For a very, very long time, there was the question whether Hurd was created at all. And it still somewhat is.
– tofro
Jun 2 at 8:50
10
Come on. You're already reading the wikipedia article, but couldn't click through to the GNU Hurd article to read about it?
– pipe
Jun 2 at 10:42
8
You're using weird terminology IMO. What do you mean by "Linus Torvals liberated the Linux kernel"? And by "it was implemented in GNU operating system"?
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 2 at 11:25
1
@RoelSchroeven It does almost feel as if there is an intention to prove a very specific poitical point. Doesn't it?
– Raffzahn
Jun 2 at 22:55
1
@Raffzahn Not impossible, but in such cases I prefer to assume good intentions until proven otherwise.
– Roel Schroeven
Jun 3 at 7:21