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grieķuvēsturesskaitīšanas sistēmaskalendārosGregora kalendāraMatīss SiliņšErnesta Brastiņa1929Arvīds Brastiņš1967baltu










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Hronoloģija




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Hronoloģija (no grieķu: χρόνος (hrónos) — 'laiks') ir vēstures palīgdisciplīna, kas pēta dažādu tautu gadu skaitīšanas sistēmas un laika noteikšanas paņēmienus kalendāros, palīdz noteikt vēstures avota rašanās laiku, sniedz notikumu uzskaitījumu laika secībā.



Vēsture |


Vēstures hronoloģijas sistematizāciju XVI gs. ieviesa Ž.Ž. Skaligers (Francija). Vispārējo hronoloģijas teoriju un vēsturi XIX gs. izstrādāja L.Idelers (Vācija), XX gs. sākumā to paplašināja F.Gincels (Vācija). XX gs. radītie darbi par hronoloģiju ir veltīti galvenokārt atsevišķu tautu gadu skaitīšanas veidiem un formām (pēc gada laikiem, par atskaites punktu ņemot zvaigznāju atrašanās vietu), kā arī pēc tādām parādībām kā saules aptumsumi, zemestrīces u.c.


Latvijā pirms t.s. Gregora kalendāra ieviešanas bija sava laika skaitīšanas sistēma. Pirmais zinātnieks, kas tajā iedziļinājās, bija 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē Latvijas Etnogrāfiskā brīvdabas muzeja un Valsts vēsturiskā muzeja pārzinis Matīss Siliņš. Pirmais lielākais latviešu gadskārtas un laika skaitīšanas pētījums ir mākslinieka un senatnes pētnieka Ernesta Brastiņa publicētās “Latvju gadskārtas dziesmas” (1929). Matemātiķis Valdis Klētnieks ir veicis pētījumu par mēnešu nosaukumu latvisko izcelsmi un pierādījumus, ka deviņu dienu savaite ir senās laika skaitīšanas mēra vienība. Lielu ieguldījumu devis arī mākslinieks un senatnes pētnieks Arvīds Brastiņš, kurš uzrakstījis darbu “Māte Māra” (1967), kurā rodam seno baltu laika skaitīšanas sistēmas īsu kopsavilkumu.



Bibliogrāfija |


  • Svešvārdu vārdnīca. — Norden, Rīga, 1996.

  • Grīns M., Grīna M. Latviešu gads, gadskārta un godi. — Toronto, 1982.





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